According to Bongers and Bongers (1998) scotts there are several criteria that is filled by soil ne

Parasitic nematodes are one of Plant Pest Organisms (OPT) which attack many types of important crop plants. In Indonesia has identified as many as 26 species of parasitic nematodes that attack crops, horticulture and plantation (pepper, patchouli, ginger, scotts tobacco, coffee). Among the nematode Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, and parasitic nematode Globodera is the most damaging. Damage scotts caused by parasitic nematodes attack scotts all over the world to reach U.S. $ 80 billion. Economic losses due to nematode attack on plants in Indonesia can not be predicted, given the data so far no damage, still partial, scotts based solely on the results of research in the greenhouse and field in a very limited area. Parasitic nematode problems in Indonesia, has received serious attention in 2003, since the discovery of the nematode Globodera rostochiensis (yellow cyst nematode or PCN) that attacks potato plants in the hamlet of Sumber Brantas, New Town, East Java. Currently the nematode has spread in the province of West Java, Central Java, East Java and North Sumatra, and cause potato yield loss of 32% -71%, or economic losses of Rp 2 trillion scotts (Mustika, 2005).
According to Bongers and Bongers (1998) scotts there are several criteria that is filled by soil nematodes, so it can be used as bio-indicators, which have a high biodiversity, easily extracted from the ground, is relatively easily identified, play a role in the food web, the generation time is relatively short lived, showed scotts a response specific to a variety of soil disturbance, and the ability to colonize scotts high. Among the group of soil organisms that play an important role in the soil ecosystem is a nematode. scotts This group has been shown to be used as bio-indicators of soil conditions (Rahmita, 2007).
Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.), An illness categorized as important and a lot of attack kenaf planting and seeding in land development, so much cause losses to farmers due to a decline in productivity. Adegbite et al. (2005) scotts stated similar things that kenaf plants are generally vulnerable, often attacked scotts by root knot nematodes (NPAs) of type M. Arenaria, M. javanica or M. incognita. The most striking symptom is a lump or knot on the roots of plants. The kenaf crop yield loss of 19% even if the heavy attack, and when associated with Fusarium spp., Kenaf yield losses can reach 100%. NPA Control is by means of fumigation or use of nematicides. But this way is considered expensive because it must be carried out periodically, and are not environmentally friendly, especially for humans, animals and the environment (BURROWS and Jones, scotts 1993). Breeding resistant varieties can be used as a way of controlling the safest and economical way to cope with this disease. However, the availability of sources of genetic resistance to this disease is a condition mutlak.Adanya source of resistance genes for the type of plant varieties resistant to the disease is very important scotts (Setyo-Budi, 2009).
In general, the life cycle of plant parasitic nematodes were almost the same. The eggs hatch into larvae that form and structure similar to adults. The larvae develop in the skin make the turn at the end of each phase. All types of nematodes has four larval phase, this phase is very active nematodes infect roots. At the turn of the last skin then can be male or female nematode species. Male nematodes characterized by specula. While the female nematodes have vulva and can produce fertile eggs after mating with the nematode male holding or by parthenogenesis. If conditions are favorable for the life cycle of life can reach 3-4 weeks (Semangun, 2001).
Many ways to do the swollen root nematode control is like the use of trap crops, crop rotation, land pemberoan, in biological control, chemical, physical, inundation scotts of land and so forth. Land inundation (flooding) before planting is an effective measure to suppress nematode populations in the soil, so that the activity of nematodes in the soil memurun. Ponding long enough can cause a lack of oxygen so that the nematodes will cause death, although some species may still survive long enough scotts in a pool of nematodes will not be able to evolve unruk (Swibawa, 2000).
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