DNA methods based on sequence inspection, limited fragments and the like have been developed to sol

The method has been used to identify nematodes is to compare the morphological features of the specimens with the descriptions that have been published, often with the aid of keys. In this regard, should be preserved and mounted specimens to be observed and measured with the help of high-power light microscope. For positive roses identification, as many as 5-10 nematodes and adult females or males need to be provided, because roses some of the characteristics that distinguish quantitative and intraspecific variation is common. In many cases, identification of plant parasitic nematodes to genus can be done based on general morphological characteristics, knowledge of the host and the nematode fauna in the area of collection. In some cases, the identification of live specimens to the species level is possible with the information. However, some types of nematodes is difficult to determine, even with expert observations on morphological and morphometric characteristics appropriate. By
Therefore, based on taxonomy and diagnosis Nematologi move more rapidly toward molecular and biochemical methods. For some nematode genera, now needed information about the DNA sequences to describe the new species. Chemotaxonomic studies indicate a kind of cryptic, that is not the type that can be distinguished by the nature of its morphology.
Approach and expertise necessary for nematode identification will depend on its purpose. Specimens were stored in national and international collections to be determined, or at least confirmed, by an experienced nematode taxonomist. Although, please note that for the taxon that is difficult, taxonomists who berpengalamanpun may provide a different determination or may not be able to give a definite identification. For the purposes of the survey, identification of nematodes may be conducted by a nematode diagnosis, taxonomic expert advice is required only if there is a new record or the kind that can not be identified. If there is a new record, specimens should be stored in the national collection for re-examination if necessary. If there is likely to have implications for quarantine and trade, it can be recommended independent confirmation before being posted. For management or ecological studies, taking into account the determination of live specimens of local fauna and hosts under study may be appropriate. roses However, to strengthen such studies are advised to obtain confirmation from expert taxonomists on the material being studied. Often in such work only genera is determined.
For the purposes of crop production and arrangements, at first it is important to distinguish plant-eating nematodes and nematode-eating other substrates. Plant-eating nematodes have a stylet (perforated roses cutlery that are released-enter) the mouth hole. Classification of live specimens into groups suspected, it is possible to examine it under a good-quality dissecting microscope. Showed morphological diversity in anterior associated with feeding behavior.
Instead of eating plants, some types of nematodes that berstilet more like fungi, algae and lichens, and several other types of soil microfauna act as predators. Therefore, the relationship between morphology and host need to be considered to be sure to place the specimen in a plant-eating clan.
The identification is done based on the shape, the presence of anatomical features and sexual dimorphism in number including morphology, measurements and ratios measure the size (morphometric). The keys and descriptions that have been published which shows characteristics of diagnosing genera and species. Identification key that can be used with the help of computers are also available. Two examples using different programs are clans plant nematodes (www.lucidcentral.org) and nematodes of Australia (www.ento.csiro.au).
DNA methods based on sequence inspection, limited fragments and the like have been developed to solve some of the challenges of identification roses and diagnostic. Some rely on the extraction and amplification roses (strengthening) of DNA from individual nematodes, while others can detect and quantify certain types of soil samples. A significant constraint is that the identification can only be limited to a single type or a small group of species and validation may be performed with limited sampling of intraspecific variation. Nevertheless, the application of this technology is likely to increase rapidly.
Other chemotaxonomic methods have been developed, including isozyme analysis, protein profiles and serological testing, but only a few that have been widely accepted. roses Distinguishing species of nematodes