Nematodes saprophagus more often found in soil samples than other nematodes. Nematodes saprophagus

Nematodes are microorganisms classified in the phylum of the animal kingdom. Nematodes when viewed under a microscope looks a microscopic worms with a very small body size and berwarnah clear. In general, because of body size nemtoda very small, the farmers are very hard to distinguish between nematodes and diseases (Anaf, 2010).
Nematodes are included in the phylum nemata, consisting of two classes, namely Secernenta (Phasmidia) and Adenophorea (Aphasmidia). Secernenta class consists of three subclasses, namely Rhabditia, Spiruria, and Diplogasteria. All plant parasitic nematodes included in order Thylenchida and Dorylaimida. Kalasifikasi of nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is the nematode phylum, class secernenta, tylenchida order, suborder tylenchina, and family heteroderidae figs (Tjahjadi, 2005).
Heteroderidae can be divided into 2 groups: cyst nematode consisting of the genus Heterodera and Globodera and root knot nematodes (genus Meloidogyne). Soybean cyst nematode (H. glycines) is an important pathogen of soybean economically in America. Potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis) led to the destruction of the potato plants are scattered throughout the world (Lisnawita, 2003).
Migratory endoparasitic nematodes spend a lot of time to move or migrate from a plant's roots to the roots of other plants by damaging vascular plant roots. This nematode causes severe figs necrosis in plants caused by migration and their diet. When these nematodes eat food, they can easily get into the plant cell cytoplasm network using their stylet, kill plant cells, and then move through the wounds figs inflicted.
These nematodes do not eat in the cells that remain. This type of nematode life cycle is they start attacking from two juvenile phase and start mamakan plants. The nematodes feed and reproduce in the primary vessels of plants. All phases of nematode has the ability to eat the plants figs and move into the soil and then start looking for another root to be the host. Examples of nematodes that of migratory endoparasitic nematodes or nematode parasites move is Pratylenchus (lesion nematodes), Radopholus (burrowing nematodes) and Hirschmanniella (rice root nematode). figs
Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes are parasitic nematodes of the most dangerous in the world. Two groups of nematodes are sedentary nematodes endoprasit potato cyst (Globodera and Heterodera) and root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp). This nematode second instar larvae invade the plant through the roots and migrate through the vessels to the roots of vascular cell growth. Nematodes are completely embedded in the roots during the development of the initiation, but then protrude from the root cyst nematode. Two stadia larvae secrete secretion into and around figs the plant cells to stimulate formasisel enlarged. The second phase of juvenile nematodes secrete fluid into plants and plant cells enveloped by fluid tersebt to mestimulasi larger cell formation.
Sastrosuwignyo (1990) states that not all members act as pest nematodes or parasitic nature, but there is also that which does not harm the plant saprofag. Nematodes are often found in places or wet habitats, such as water, soil, plants, animals, and humans.
Nematodes saprophagus more often found in soil samples than other nematodes. Nematodes saprophagus (non-parasitic) has moroflogi similar to parasitic nematodes. The fundamental difference figs between them lies in the shape and arrangement of mouth tool. Mouth appliance in non-parasitic nematodes is shaped like a funnel which is wide open and does not have a piercer (stylet) figs as well as in parasitic nematodes. Nematode parasites live by eating mostly organic ingredients (as nematodes saprofag).
Nematodes smallish figs (less than 1mm in length). If die because of heat treated carefully, then his body slightly bent at the ventral part. There were no signs of sexual dimorphism in the anterior part of the body. The head is low and flat, when observed under a stereoscopic microscope looks like the tip of the anterior flat black hat. Part lip is divided into 2, 3 or 4 annulus and straight body lines, as well as experiencing strong sklerotinisasi. Stiletnya length 20 mm or less ( two times the width of the head), experienced a moderate sklerotinisasi, with basal knob is round and concave anteriorly (Luc et. Al., 1995).
Generally the development of plant parasitic figs nematodes consists of three phases which larval I through IV larvae and adult nematodes. Root knot nematode life cycle about 18-21 days or 3-4 weeks old and became a ding on the temperature