Nematodes are included in the phylum nemata, jacobs engineering consisting of two classes, namely S

Nematodes are from NEMA said: yarn and oidos: shape. In classis nematodes, cuticles plain or bercicin-ring, most have stiff hairs, ciliated. The cuticle jacobs engineering is modified towards the superficial epidermis. Beneath the epidermis there is a layer of muscle that only consists of longitudinal fibers jacobs engineering only.
Nematodes are included in the phylum nemata, jacobs engineering consisting of two classes, namely Secernenta jacobs engineering (Phasmidia) and Adenophorea (Aphasmidia). Secernenta class consists of three subclasses, namely Rhabditia, Spiruria, and Diplogasteria. All plant parasitic nematodes included in order Thylenchida and Dorylaimida. Kalasifikasi of nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is the nematode phylum, class secernenta, tylenchida order, suborder tylenchina, and family heteroderidae (Tjahjadi, 200 5).
Disease that occurs in plants can be caused by microorganisms of various types that we can not see with the naked eye. The impact of different disease each plant species jacobs engineering diseranggnya. Microorganisms that cause disease in plants such as fungus, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. The cause disease in plants mentioned above include nematodes. Nematodes can act as well as pests and diseases, said to be a pest because nematodes can attack plants from the soil surface and is classified as causes of the disease because it can enter into the vascular tissue of plant roots.
Looking at the phenomenon that many crop plants, especially tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) and Celery (Aphium graveolens L.) is attacked by nematodes was very important for practical Basics of Plant Protection, especially on Introduction Nematodes. With this lab we can determine the morphology of the nematode, and also pangandalian symptoms of nematode attack, resulting in the application jacobs engineering of the field we already know all about nematodes.
Nematodes are microorganisms classified in the phylum jacobs engineering of the animal kingdom. Nematodes when viewed under a microscope looks a microscopic worms with a very small body size and translucent color. In general, because of body size nemtoda very small, very difficult to distinguish farmers with less diseases jacobs engineering caused by viruses and bacteria jacobs engineering (Pracaya, 200 7).
1). eksoparasit nematodes are parasitic nematodes that live outside the plant tissue. For example Criconemoides, Criconema, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorynchus, Trichodorus, and others - others. 2). Endoparasitic nematodes are parasitic nematodes that live inside plant tissues. For example Radopholus, Ditylenchus, and others - others. 3). Endoektoparasit Nematodes are parasitic nematode larvae jacobs engineering at the time still bersifar endoparasites, but as adults jacobs engineering (especially females) the posterior part of his body parts come out of the plant tissue, jacobs engineering which is attached to the plant tissues (root) only the anterior part alone. For example, the genus Heterodera.
Nematodes are worm-shaped microorganisms, bilaterally symmetrical body shape, and species that are parasites on plants, very small size that is between 300 - 1000 microns, up to 4 mm in length and a width of 15-35 microns. Due to the very small size of this cause the nematodes can not be seen with the naked eye, but can only be seen with a microscope. , Anatomy of nematodes can be seen clearly. Nematodes are not segmented body, colorless and covered by a wall which serves to protect the body from stress. The body wall consists of the outer cuticle, between layers, and the inside jacobs engineering of a hypodermic jacobs engineering muscles are stretched. The cuticle is composed of an active structure of proteins and enzymes. During the life cycle of the nematode cuticle suffered four turnovers. Below are the epidermal cuticle.
Generally the development of plant parasitic nematodes consists of three phases which larval I through IV larvae and adult nematodes. Root knot nematode life cycle about 18-21 days or 3-4 weeks old and become cold temperatures. jacobs engineering The number of eggs produced by a female depending on environmental conditions. In ordinary conditions a female can produce 300-800 eggs and can sometimes produce over 2800 eggs. Level II larvae hatch from eggs which then moves towards the host plant to look for food, especially the root tip meristem area, the larvae then penetrate the cortex result in plants that are susceptible to infection and causes enlargement of cells. At the root of the larvae settle and cause changes in the cells that become food, larvae and perform the change of skin bulging premises