Nematodes comes from the Greek, peony meaning Nema thread. Nematodes are worms that are long, cylindrical (roundworm) is not segmented and bilaterally symmetric body. This worm length ranging from 2 mm to 1 meter.
Nematodes are found in the human intestine in organ, tissue, and circulatory system. The existence of these worms cause different clinical manifestations depending on the species and the orga infestation. A. Classification of Nematodes According to his place, nematodes in humans is classified into two, namely: 1. Nematodes intetinaslis (bowel) Species studied included: a. Ascaris peony lumbricoides b. Trichuris truchuira c. Oxyuris vermicularis (pin worm) d. Strongyloides stercoralis (small roundworm of man) e. Ancylostoma duodenale (old world hook worm) f. Ancylostoma caninum g. Necator americanus (new world hook worm) h. Trichinella spiralis (trichina worm) i. Toxocara canis (dog worms) peony j. Toxocara catii (cat worms) 2. Nematodes tissue / blood Species studied peony included: peony a. Wuchereria bancrofti (filarial worms) b. Brugia malayi (Malaya filarial worms) c. Manzonella ozzardi d. Onchocerca volvulus (the agent of river blindness) peony e. Loa loa (eye worm) f. Medinensis Dracunculus (guinea worm) B. Morphology and Properties of the General Body of nematodes are not segmented, cylindrical, length, and bilaterally symmetrical. Nematode body already has a digestive system (system digestiva), already has the mouth (oral), kerongkong (esophagus), bowel (intestine), and anus (anal). Intestine consists of the front intestine, midgut, and hindgut. Intestinal surface covered by a cuticle which is released at any time in the event of change of skin. Cuticle layer has a variety of characteristics, peony some dianataranya form protrusions.
These characteristics can be used to help identify the species, especially in tissue sections. Male worms are smaller than the female worm, posterior end of male worms are smaller peony than the female worm and posterior ends of the ventral circular peony direction, while the female posterior end of the straight section. Excretory system consists of two pipes, located in kordalateral. At the anterior end of the tubing peony is connected peony and open in the middle of the ventral as sinus eksrestorius. The skin is also covered with a layer of cuticle and consists of parts of dead cells. At the time of the exchange of the skin (eksufikasi), the cuticle delpaskan. The color white, yellow to brownish. Neural network contained in the ectoderm. Reproductive system (genitals) peony female worm pairs, each consisting peony of the ovary, oviduct, and uterus. Both uterine organs unite to form the vagina. The male genitals are not in pairs, consisting of the testes and vas diferens. At the cloaca there are two spicules. Fertilized egg cell to form a first layer of yellow membranes, which form a part of the skin first. Second shell is formed peony by the wall of the uterus. Egg shape such as an ellipse in general and between species is easily distinguished from one another. Nematode reproduction is generally by way of laying (ovipar) and there are some species that secrete larvae (larvipar). C. Mode of transmission Mode of transmission (transmission) Nematodes occur directly or indirectly. Transmission mechanism is closely related to hygiene and environmental sanitation are poor, socio-economic aspects, and tingkan one's knowledge. Transmission can occur with: a. eating infective eggs (eggs containing embryos) b. larvae (filariform) penetrate peony the skin c. eating larvae in cysts d. mediation of animal vectors (arthropods) Today, modes of transmission Nematodes are the most widely spread of soil-transmitted peony helminths through aspects, peony namely the transmission of the worm through soil media.
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